The architecture of closed worlds, or, what is the power of shit? / Lydia Kallipoliti ; Storefront for Art and Architecture

With afterword contributions by Michelle Addington, Bess Krietemeyer, Mark Wigley With comments by: Peder Anker, Daniel Barber, Wulf Böer, Christina Ciardullo, Beatriz Colomina, Ross Exo Adams, Mitchell Joachim, Janette Kim & Eric Carver, Caroline Maniaque-Benton, Jonathan Massey, Albert Narath, Theodora Vardouli

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37 living prototypes : Timeline of closed worlds -- 1928 Cunningham Sanitarium -- 1931 FNRS Balloon -- 1943 Aqualung -- 1956 Thermoheliodon -- 1956 House of the Future -- 1960 Climatron -- 1960 NASA Langley Simulator -- 1962 Geoscope -- 1962 Conshelf (1962-65) -- 1964 Clivus Multrum -- 1966 Biological Waste System -- 1966 EPCOT -- 1967 Man+ -- 1969 Grumman Integrated Household -- 1969 SEEK -- 1970 Clean Air Pod -- 1972 Autonomous dome -- 1972 Bios-3 -- 1972 Ecological house -- 1972 Gobar Gas Plant -- 1973 Earth Workshop -- 1974 Suntek Bioshelter -- 1974 Integral urban house -- 1976 Sundwellings -- 1976 The Ark of Cape Cod -- 1979 The Liberated House -- 1981 West Edmonton Mall -- 1982 Rocky Mountain Institute -- 1986 Biospheric Test Module -- 1991 BIOSPHERE 2 -- 1993 The Autonomous House -- 1994 MSU EPICenter -- 1995 MeLiSSA Pilot Plant -- 2000 Eden Project -- 2003 AMPS -- 2007 Mars500 -- 2008 Masdar CIty -- A minor history of man, environmental awareness, books, and design speculations of closed worlds : Figures of man ; Institutionalizing environmental awareness ; Publications ; Speculative design projects -- Encounters that never happened : Mark Wigley X Buckminster Fuller ; Bess Krietemeyer X Erik Nitsche of General Dynamics -- Michelle Addington X NASA Goddard Space Flight Center -- Closed worlds, bubbles, and voluntary containment.

What do outer space capsules, submarines, and office buildings have in common? Each is conceived as a closed system: a self-sustaining physical environment demarcated from its surroundings by a boundary that does not allow for the transfer of matter or energy. Contemporary discussions about global warming, recycling, and sustainability have emerged as direct conceptual constructs related to the study and analysis of closed systems. From the space program to countercultural architectural groups experimenting with autonomous living, this publication documents a disciplinary transformation and the rise of a new environmental consensus in the form of a synthetic naturalism. It presents an archive of 39 historical living prototypes from 1928 to the present that put forth an unexplored genealogy of closed resource regeneration systems. Prototypes are presented through unique discursive narratives with historical images, and each includes new analysis in the form of a feedback drawing that problematizes the language of environmental representation by illustrating loss, derailment, and the production of new substances and atmospheres. (From the publisher)