Educational research : a guide to the process / Norman E. Wallen, Jack R. Fraenkel.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Basic Concepts of Educational Research -- Introduction to Educational Research -- Empirical Versus Nonempirical Research -- Basic Versus Applied Research -- The Research Question -- Stating a Question -- Refining the Question -- Feasibility -- Clarity -- Significance -- Ethics and Research -- Protecting Participants From Harm -- Ensuring Confidentiality of Research Data -- Should Subjects Be Deceived? -- Variables and Hypotheses -- Relationships -- Variables -- Measured and Categorical Variables -- Independent and Dependent Variables -- Extraneous Variables and Constants -- Hypotheses -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Stating Questions as Hypotheses -- Directional Versus Nondirectional Hypotheses -- Reviewing the Literature -- Types of References -- Steps Involved in a Literature Review -- A Computer Search of the Literature -- An Example of a Computer Search -- Researching the World Wide Web -- Meta-Analysis -- Try a Literature Review of Your Own -- Instrumentation -- The Process of Instrument Development: An Example -- The Rating Scale -- Reliability and Validity -- The Observation Record -- More About Reliability and Validity -- Validity -- Reliability -- Checking Reliability and Validity -- More on Instrumentation -- The Structured Interview Schedule -- Ability Tests -- Projective Tests -- Locating a Suitable Instrument -- Developing Your Own Instrument -- Samples and Populations -- The Process of Selecting a Sample -- Samples Versus Populations -- Defining the Population -- Target Versus Accessible Populations.

Print version record.

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